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| Deutsch | Englisch | Definition - Englisch | Tibetisch |
| abhängiges Phänomen | dependent phenomenon | A validly knowable object that arises dependently on causes and conditions. All nonstatic phenomena. Often translated literally as "other-powered phenomenon." | gzhan-dbang |
| Abhisambodhikaya | Abhisambodhikaya | See: Corpus of Manifest Enlightenment. | |
| Ableitung, geistige | derivative, mental | See: mental derivative. | |
| Abneigung | aversion | See: anger. | |
| Abschweifung, geistige | wandering, mental | See: mental wandering. | |
| Absicht / Intention | intention | The subsidiary awareness (mental factor) to obtain any object, to achieve any goal, or to do something with the object or goal once obtained or achieved. | ‘dun-pa |
| absolute Abwesenheit | absolute absence | The absence of something impossible; the absence of something that has never has and never can exist. | |
| absolute Negierung | absolute nullification | The refutation of the possibility that something could existent. | |
| Abstraktion, nichtstatische | abstraction, nonstatic | See: nonconcomitant affecting variable. | |
| Abstraktion, statische | abstraction, static | See: static phenomena. | |
| Abwesenheit wahrer Identität | lack of true identitiy | Also called: identitylessness, selflessness | bdag-med |
| Abwesenheit, absolute | absence, absolute | See: absolute absence. | |
| Abwesenheit, bloße | absence, bare | See: bare absence. | |
| acht vergänglichen Angelegenheiten des Lebens | eight transitory things in life | Praise or criticism, good or bad news, gains or losses, things going well or poorly -- or, more specifically, the emotional ups and downs of overexcitement and depression in response to these eight. Also called the "eight worldly dharmas." | ‘jig-rten-pa‘í chos-brgyad, ‘jig-rten chos-brgyad |
| acht weltliche Dharmas | eight worldly dharmas | See: eight transitory things in life. | |
| Aggregat der anderen beeinflussenden Variablen | aggregate of other affecting variables | One of the five aggregate factors of experience. The network of all instances of subsidiary awarenesses (mental factors), other than feelings of levelks of happiness and distinguishing, as well as all instances of nonconcomitamnt affecting variables, that could be part of any moment of experience on someone‘s mental continuum. Some translators render the term as "aggregate of volitions" or "aggregate of karmic formations." | ‘du-byed-kyi phung-po |
| Aggregat der Empfindungen | aggregate of feelings | See: aggregate of feelings of a level of happiness | |
| Aggregat der Empfindungen eines Grades an Glücklichsein | aggregate of feelings of a level of happiness | One of the five aggregate factors of experience. The network of all instances of the subsidiary awareness (mental factor) of feeling a level of unhappiness that could be part of any moment of experience on someone's mental continuum. Also called "aggregate of feelings." See: feeling a level of happiness. | tshor-ba’i phung-po |
| Aggregat der Formen | aggregate of forms | See: aggregate of forms of physical phenomena. | |
| Aggregat der Formen | form aggregate | See: aggregate of forms of physical phenomena. | |
| Aggregat der Formen physischer Phänomene | aggregate of forms of physical phenomena | One of the five aggregate factors of experience. The network of all instances of all types of sights, sounds, smells, tastes, physical sensations, physical sensors, and forms of physical phenomena that are stimulators of only mental cognition. Also called "aggregate of forms." | gzugs-kyi phung-po |
| Aggregat der karmischen Formationen | aggregate of karmic formations | See: aggregate of other affecting variables | |
| Aggregat der Willensregungen | aggregate of volitions | See: aggregate of other affecting variables. | |
| Aggregat des Erkennens | aggregate of recognition | See: aggregate of distinguishing. | |
| Aggregat des Primärbewusstseins | aggregate of primary consciousness | One of the five aggregate factors of experience. The network of all instances of mental consciousness or any of the five types of sensory consciousness that could be part of any moment of experience on someone‘s mental continuum. It also includes the network of all instances of deluded awareness and all-encompassing foundation consciousness in those systems that assert these two. Also called: "aggregate of consciousness." | rnam-shes-kyi phung-po |
| Aggregat des Unterscheidens | aggregate of distinguishing | One of the five aggregate factors of experience. The network of all instances of the subsidiary awareness (mental factor) of distinguishing that could be part of any moment of experience on someone‘s mental continuum. Some translators render the term as "aggregate of recognition." See: distinguishing. | ‘du-shes-kyi phung-po |
| Aggregate | aggregate | A network of many items, all of which are nonstatic phenomena. See also: aggregate factors of experience. | phung-po |
| Aggregat-Faktoren der Erfahrung | aggregate factors of experience | The five networks (five aggregates) that constitute all the nonstatic phenomena that make up each moment of the mental continuum of each limited being. | phung-po |
| aktivieren | activate | To cause a karmic tendency to become a manifest karmic impulse that will give its result in the next moment. | gsos-‘debs, nus-pa mthu-can-du byed-pa |
| Alaya (m) | alaya | See: basis for all. | |
| Alaya des tiefen Gewahrseins | alaya, deep-awareness | See: deep-awareness alaya. | |
| Alaya des tiefen Gewahrseins | deep-awareness alaya | In the Karma Kagyu system, a synonym for "mind-itself": the pure aspect of mind that is an aspect of Buddha-nature. | kun-gzhi ye-shes |
| Alaya für Gewohnheiten | alaya for habits | In the dzogchen system, foundational awareness for the habits of grasping for true existence, for karma, and for memories. The type of limited awareness that basis rigpa functions as, when it is mixed with dumbfoundedness. | bag-chags-kyi kun-gzhi |
| Alaya, ursprüngliches tiefstes | alaya, primordial deepest | See: primordial deepest alaya. | |
| Alayavijnana | alayavijnana | See: all-encompassing foundation consciousness. | |
| Alayavijnana (Alaya des spezifischen Gewahrseins) | alaya, specific-awareness | See: specific-awareness alaya. | |
| Alleinverwirklicher | self-realizer | See: pratyekabuddha. | |
| Alleinverwirklicher-Buddha | solitary Buddha | See: pratyekabuddha. | |
| alles durchdringend | all-permeating | The quality of rigpa (pure awareness) that it interpenetrates and pervades all instances of limited awareness (sem) without obstruction, in the same manner as oil permeates sesame seeds. | zang-thal |
| Alles Übertreffender Siegreicher Meister | Vanquishing Master Surpassing All | An epithet of a Buddha - one who has conquered (vanquished) all obstacles, attained (mastered) all good qualities, and gone beyond (surpassed) any of the Hindu gods for whom the epithet Bhagavan has also been applied. Some translators render the term as "Blessed One." | bcom-ldan-‘das |
| Alles umfassender Körper | Body Encompassing Everything | See: Corpus Encompassing Everything. | |
| Alles umfassender Körper | Corpus Encompassing Everything | The omniscient mind of a Buddha | chos-sku |
| alles umfassendes beinflussendes Leiden | all-pervasively affecting suffering | The suffering that comes simply from having tainted aggregates that serve as the basis for experiencing the suffering of suffering and the suffering of change. Such suffering is all-pervasive since it affects every moment of samsaric experience. | khyab-par ‘du-byed-kyi sdug-bsngal |
| alles umfassendes grundlegendes Bewusstsein | all-encompassing foundation consciousness | An unspecified, nonobstructive, individual consciousness that underlies all cognition, cognizes the same objects as the cognitions it underlies, but is a nondetermining cognition of what appears to it and lacks clarity of its objects. It carries the karmic legacies of karma and the mental impressions of memories, in the sense that they are imputed on it. It is also translated as "foundation consciousness" and, by some translators, as "storehouse consciousness." According to Gelug, asserted only by the Chittamatra system; according to non-Gelug, assserted by both the Chittamatra and Madhyamaka systems. | kun-gzhi rnam-shes |
| alles umfassendes Leiden | all-pervasive suffering | See: all-pervasively affecting suffering. | |
| alles umfassendes Leiden | suffering, all-pervasive | See: all-pervasively affecting suffering. | |
| allgemein verständliches Objekt | commonsense object | An external sensory object, extending over the sensibilia (sense data) of several senses and over time; what an ordinary person, when cogniziing one moment of the sensibilia of one sense, would impute and consider as an object with his or her common sense. See also: conventional commonsense object. | ‘jig-rten-la grags-pa |
| Allgemeine(s) | universal | See: conceptual category. | |
| allgemeines Gewahrsein | general awareness | In the Karma Kagyu system, the aspect of mental activity that gives rise to and is aware of the appearing (the arising in general) of an awareness of an object and an object that one is aware of. In a looser sense, awareness of the general features of an entire sensory or mental field that one cognizes so that one gets an overview. | yid |
| Allgemeines, Arten- | universal, kind | See: kind mental synthesis. | |
| Allgemeines, Hör- | universal, audio | See: audio category. | |
| Allgemeines, Klang- | universal, sound | See: audio category. | |
| Allgemeines, objektbezogenes | universal, object | See: object universal | |
| Allgemeinheit | generality | See: conceptual category. | |
| Allgemneines, bedeutungsbezogenes | universal, meaning | See: mental category. | |
| Allwissendes Gewahrsein eines Buddha | omniscient awareness | A Buddha‘s unceasing nonconceptual cognition simultaneously of all validly knowable phenomena and their voidnesses -- in other words, of the two truths about all knowable phenomena. | kun-mkhyen |
| Allwissenheit | omniscience | See: omniscient awareness. | |
| als wahr begründete Existenz | existence established as true | See: true existence. | |
| Analyse | analysis | See: subtle discernment. | |
| analytische Meditation | analytical meditation | See: discerning meditation. | |
| analytische oder unterscheidende Meditation | meditation, discerning | See: discerning meditation. | |
| andauernde Eigenschaften | abiding traits | See: naturally abiding family-traits. | |
| andauernde Natur | abiding nature | The lasting, enduring nature of all phenomena; the voidness of all phenomena. | gnas-lugs |
| andere wertschätzen / sich um das Wohl der anderen kümmern / das Wohl der anderen liegt uns am Herzen | cherishing others | The attitude with which one considers others as the most precious and important ones; and has affection for and takes care of mainly others. | gzhan gces-par ‘dzin-pa, gzhan-gces |
| Anderesleerheit | other-voidness | The natural, beginningless absence from the clear light level of mental acitivity of "other" levels of mental activity, which are all limited by fleeting stains. | gzhan-stong |
| Aneigung, Errungenschaft | acquirement | The obtainment or gain of something, such as a vow or a spiritual attainment, imputable on the mental continuum of the one who has gained it. An acquisition or acquiring is a noncomitant affecting variable -- a nonstatic phenomenon that is neither a form of material phenomena or a way of being aware of something. | thob-pa |
| Anhaftung | attachment | The disturbing emotion that exaggerates the good qualities of an object that one possesses and does not wish to let go of it. | ‘dod-chags, chags-pa |
| Anhaftung, klebrige | attachment, sticky | See: sticky attachment. | |
| Anleitung, persönliche | instructions, personal | See: personal instructions. | |
| Anreger der Wahrnehmung | stimulators of cognition | The cognitive objects and cognitive sensors of each of the six cognitive faculties. In the case of the five sensory faculties, the objects and sensors are forms of physical phenomena, such as sights and photosensitive cells. In the case of the mental faculty, the objects may be any validly knowable phenomenon, while the sensors are the immediately preceding moments of mental cognition. Usually counted as the twelve stimulators of cognition, but in the list of the twelve links of dependent arising, refered to as the six stimulators of cognition, in which case the two cognitive stimulators of each cognitive faculty are counted as one. | skye-mched |
| Ansammlung von Weisheit | collection of wisdom | See: network of deep awareness. | |
| anschließende Erlaubnis | subsequent permission | A tantric ritual for a specific Buddha-figure received in order to strengthen further the Buddha-nature factors that were previously activated with a full empowerment. Usually called by its Tibetan name, "jenang." | rjes-snang |
| anstrebender Zustand des anstrebenden Bodhichitta | aspiring state of aspiring bodhichitta | See: merely aspiring state of aspiring bodhichitta | |
| anstrebendes Bodhichitta | aspiring bodhichitta | A mind of bodhichitta which, when focused on one's own individual future enlightenment, is accompanied by the aspiration or wish to attain that enlightenment. | smon-sems, smon-pa’i sems-bskyed |
| Anuttarayoga-Tantra | anuttarayoga tantra | In the Sarma (New Translation Period) Tibetan Buddhist schools, the fourth or highest class of tantra practice, emphasizing special internal methods for actualizing oneself as a Buddha-figure. | bla-med rnal-‘byor |
| Anuyoga | anuyoga tantra | In the Nyingma system, the second of the three inner classes of tantra, emphasizing practices involving the subtle energy-system of winds, channels, and creative energy-drops. | a-nu yo-ga |
| Anweisungen / Richtlinien | guideline instructions | Beneficial instructions concerning spiritual practice. | gdams-ngag |
| Ärger, Wut oder Feindseligkeit | anger | A root disturbing emotion, aimed at another limited being, one‘s own suffering, or situations entailing suffering, and which is impatient with them and wishes to get rid of them, such as by damaging or hurting them, or by striking out against them. It is based on regarding its object as unattractive or repulsive by its very nature. | khong-khro |
| Arhat | arhat | A practitioner, of the shravaka, pratyekabuddha, or bodhisattva class, who has achieved a true stopping of the emotional obscurations and thus has attained liberation (nirvana). Also called a "liberated being." Some translators render the term as "foe-destroyer." | dgra-bcom-pa |
| Arhatschaft | arhatship | The state of an arhat. | |
| Arya | arya | A practitioner who has had nonconceptual cognition of the four noble truths and thus has attained a shravaka, pratyekabuddha, or bodhisattva seeing pathway of mind (path of seeing). Also called a "highly realized practitioner" or a "highly realized being." Some translators render the term as "noble one." | ‘phags-pa |
| Arya-Bodhisattva | arya bodhisattva | A bodhisattva that has attained nonconceptual cognition of voidness. See also: bodhisattva. | byang-sems ‘phags-pa |
| Arya-Pfadgeist | arya pathway mind | The three pathway minds of shravaka, pratyekabuddha, and bodhisattva aryas (those with nonconceptual cognition of the four noble truths) -- namely, their seeing and accustoming pathway minds, and their pathway minds needing no further training. | ‘phags-lam |
| Arya-Pratyekabuddha | arya pratyekabuddha | A pratyekabuddha that has attained nonconeptual cognition of the four noble truths. See also: pratyekabuddha. | rang-rgyal ‘phags-pa |
| Arya-Shravaka | arya shravaka | A shravaka that has attained nonconceptual cognition of the four noble truths. See also: shravaka. | nyan-thos ‘phags-pa |
| Atiyoga | atiyoga | In the Nyingma system, the second of the three classes of inner tantras, in which meditation practice involving the subtle energy channels and winds are emphasized. | a-ti-yo-ga |
| Auffassung, extreme | outlook, extreme | See: extreme outlook. | |
| Auffinden, grobes | detection, gross | See: gross detection. | |
| aufmerksam sein | paying attention | See: attention. | |
| Aufmerksamkeit | attention | The ever-functioning mental factor that engages mental activity with a specific cognitive object. The cognitive engagement may be merely to pay some level of attention to the object (strong or weak), or to focus on the object in a certain way (painstakingly, effortlessly, etc.), or to consider the object in a certain way (concordantly or discordantly). Also called: paying attention, regard. | yid-la byed-pa |
| Aufmerksamkeit, wiederherstellende | attention, restoring | See: restoring attention. | |
| aufregend | upsetting | A way of being aware of something that shares five concomitant features with craving for one's own tainted, obtainer aggregate factors of experience. | zang-zing |
| Aufregung, gewöhnliche | commotion, ordinary | See: ordinary commotion. | |
| Auge des Dharma, außersinnliches | eye of the Dharma, extrasensory | See: extrasensory eye of the Dharma. | |
| Auge des tiefen Gewahrseins, außersinnliches | eye of deep awareness, extrasensory | See: extrasensory eye of deep awareness. | |
| Auge des unterscheidenden Gewahrseins, außersinnliches | eye of discriminating awareness, extrasensory | See: extrasensory eye of discriminating awareness. | |
| Ausbilder, Dharma- | instructor, Dharma | See: Dharma instructor. | |
| Ausdauer, freudige | perseverance, joyful | See: joyful perseverance. | |
| ausgewogene Sensibilität, | balanced sensitivity | The mental state of being neither overly or underly attentive and neither overly, underly, or inappropriately responsive, both with feelings and actions, to either the situation of others or oneself, or the effect of one's behavior on others or on oneself. | |
| Ausgewogenheit, meditative | equipoise, meditative | See: total absorption. | |
| auslegbare Lehre, interpretierbare Lehre | interpretable teaching | A passage in a sutra text that discusses any topic other than the most profound view of voidness, and which leads one on or points the way to the most profound view of voidness. Such passages require explanation, so that one does not confuse them as indicating the most profound view. | drang-don |
| Aussage / Behauptung / Erklärung | assertion | A position, accepted by a Buddhist or non-Buddhist tenet system, in regard to a philosophical point. | |
| ausschließen | preclude | To cut off, dismiss, or reject something. | bcad-pa |
| äußere Opfergaben | outer offerings | Offerings of specially consecreated external objects such as water, flowers, incense, and so on. | phyi‘i mchod-pa |
| äußeres Mandala | outer mandala | A round, flat-bottomed bowl, held bottom side up, with three mounds of grain, placed one atop the other on its surface and contained within progressively smaller concentric metal rings, and crowned with an ornamental diadem. It is used as an offering to a spiritual master in request for a teaching, the conferring of a set of vows, and for the conferring of a tantric empowerment. It is also used as an offering of appreciation at the conclusion of these three occasions. It is also offered 100,000 times as a preliminary practice for building up positive force for success in the practice of tantra. | phyi’i dkyil-‘khor |
| äußeres Objekt | external object | See: external phenomenon. | |
| äußeres Phänomen | external phenomenon | A nonstatic phenomenon that arises from a natal source different from the natal source of the consciousness that cognizes it -- namely, from a natal source that is not connected with the mental continuum of the individual who cognizes it. | phyi-don |
| außergewöhnlicher Entschluss | exceptional resolve | The full determination with which one takes the responsibility to lead all limited beings to liberation and enlightenment. | lhag-bsam |
| außerphysische Emanation | extraphysical emanations | Physical bodies having abilities that are beyond the usual capacity of the body -- such as the ability to run great distances at an incredible speed, to fly, to increase or decrease in size, to multiply, to walk on water, to pass beneath the earth, and so on -- are which are produced (emanated) from karma, recitation of mantra, the power of specially consecrated substances, or the power of an actual state of the first level of mental stability (the first dhyana). | rdzu-‘phrul |
| außerphysische Kräfte | extraphysical powers | See: extraphysical emanations. | |
| außersinnliche Wahrnehmung | extrasensory perception | See: advanced awareness. | |
| außersinnliches Auge des Dharma | extrasensory eye of the Dharma | One of the five extrasensory eyes gained as a byproduct of the attainment of an actual state of the first level of mental stability (the first dhyana). (1) According to the Gelug explanation, cognition that is able to understand the mental capacities of others, in order to be able to teach them appropriately. (2) According to the Karmaq Kagyu explanation, a Buddha‘s omniscient awareness that possesses the ten forces that enable a Buddha to lead all beings to enlightenment. | chos-kyi spyan |
| außersinnliches Auge des tiefen Gewahrseins | extrasensory eye of deep awareness | A Buddha’s omniscient awareness that is able to “see” the two truths about all phenomena. One of the five types of extrasensory eyes, possessed only by Buddhas. | ye-shes-kyi spyan |
| außersinnliches Auge des unterscheidenden Gewahrseins | extrasensory eye of discriminating awareness | Cognition that is able to “see” voidness nonconceptually. One of the five extrasensory eyes gained as a byproduct of the attainment of an actual state of the first level of mental stability (the first dhyana).. | shes-rab-kyi spyan |
| außersinnliches fleischliches Auge | extrasensory flesh eye | Cognition that is able to see great distances without obstruction, to see through solid objects such as walls, to see in all directions at the same time, and so on. One of the five extrasensory eyes gained as a byproduct of the attainment of an actual state of the first level of mental stability (the first dhyana). | sha‘i spyan |
| außersinnliches göttliches Auge | extrasensory divine eye | Cognition that is able to “see,” in the sense of know, future rebirths. One of the five extrasensory eyes gained as a byproduct of the attainment of an actual state of the first level of mental stability (the first dhyana). | lha‘i spyan |
| ausübendes Bodhichitta | engaged bodhichitta | A mind of bodhichitta which, when focused on one‘s own individual future enlightenment, is committed to attaining that enlightenment by having taken bodhisattva vows and which then enters into the type of behavior that will bring one to enlightenment. | ‘jug-sems, ‘jug-pa’i sems-bskyed |
| automatisch erscheinende Ignoranz | automatically arising ignorance | See: automatically arising unawareness. | |
| automatisch erscheinende störende Emotionen und Geisteshaltungen | automatically arising disturbing emotions and attitudes | Disturbing emotions and attitudes that arise on a person‘s mental continuum without being based on that person having been taught an incorrect tenet system. | nyon-mongs lhan-syes |
| automatisch erscheinende Unwissenheit | automatically arising unawareness | The mental factor of either not knowing or knowing invertedly either behavioral cause and effect or the manner in which the self and all phenomena exist, and which arises on a person‘s mental continuum without being based on that person having been taught an incorrect tenet system. Also called: automatically arising ignorance. | ma-rigs lhan-skyes |
| automatisch gleichzeitig | pervasion | The intersection of two sets of phenomena. | khyab-pa |
| Bardo (m) | bardo | The state of existence in between the moment immediately after death until the moment immediately before conception. Translated as the "inbetween state." | bar-do |
| Bardo-Existenz | bardo existence | The period of time in the mental continuum of an individual limited being starting from the moment immediately after death until the moment immediately before conception. | bar-do’i srid-pa |
| Basis für alles | basis for all | A synonym for rigpa (pure awareness), used primarily in treasure texts of the mind division. | kun-shes |
| Beachtung | regard | See: attention. | |
| Bedeutung, explizit hinweisende | meaning, explicit suggestive | See: explicit suggestive meaning. | |
| Bedeutung, implizit hingewiesene | meaning, implicit suggested | See: implicit suggesteed meaning. | |
| bedeutungs- oder objektbezogenes Allgemeines | meaning universal | See: meaning category. | |
| bedeutungsbezogenen Kategorie | meaning category | The conceptual category into which fit all significances (meanings) of an audio category. | don-spyi |
| bedingtes Phänomen | conditioned phenomenon | See: affected phenomenon. | |
| Bedingung, fokale | condition, focal | See: focal condition | |
| Bedingung, objektive | condition, objective | See: objective condition. | |
| beeinflussende Natur | influencing nature | One of the threefold natures of pure awareness (rigpa), refering to the enlightening influence it has on others. | ‘phrin-las |
| Beendigung, wahre | stopping, true | See: true stopping. | |
| befleckt | tainted | Something that derives from a disturbing emotion or attutude, or is related in some way with a disturbing emotion or attitude. According to Vasubandhu, they give rise to further tainted phenomena; while according to Asanga, only some do that. Also translated as "mixed with confusion." Some translators render this term as "contaminated." | zag-bcas |
| befleckte Aggregate | tainted aggregates | The five aggregate factors of experience that derive from a disturbing emotion or attutude, or are related in some with a disturbing emotion or attitude. Some translators render the term as "contaminated aggregates." | zag-bcas kyi phung-po |
| befreites Wesen | liberated being | See: arhat. | |
| begreifen | apprehend | To cognitively take an object of cognition both correctly and decisively. | rtogs-pa |
| Begreifen | apprehension | See: apprehend. | |
| Begreifen, explizites | apprehension, explicit | See: explicit apprehension. | |
| Begreifen, implizites | apprehension, implicit | See: implicit apprehension. | |
| begrenztes Gewahrsein | limited awareness | See: sem. | |
| begrenztes Wesen | limited being | A being still having limited awareness. Any being other than a Buddha. Often rendered as "sentient being." | sems-can |
| beinflussende Impulse | affecting impulses | The second of the twelve links of dependent arising. A karmic impulkse that will affect future lives; synonymous with "throwing karma." Some translators render the term as "karmic formations." | ‘du-byed |
| beinflussende Variable / Einflussvariable | affecting variable | A phenomenon that continually changes (a nonstatic phenomenon) and which influences other nonstatic phenomenon to arise, in the sense that it contributes to causing them to happen. | ‘du-byed |
| beinflusstes Phänomen | affected phenomenon | A phenomenon that arises because of the influence of causes and conditions, and which changes because of constantly being influenced by causes and conditions. This refers to all nonstatic phenomena. Translators often render the term as "conditioned phenomenon." | ‘dus-byas-kyi chos |
| Benommenheit | dumbfoundedness | In the dzogchen system, a nominal disturbing attitude, equivalent to automatically arising unawareness regarding phenomena, which obscures rigpa‘s (pure awareness‘s) knowing its own nature. Some translators render it as "bedazzlement" or "stupidity," but it has nothing to do with intelligence. | rmongs-cha |
| Bereich der Form | form realm | See: plane of ethereal forms. | |
| Bereich des Begehrens | desire realm | See: plane of sensory desires. | |
| bescheidenes Fahrzeug | modest vehicle | See: Hinayana. | |
| bescheidenes Fahrzeug des Geistes | Modest Vehicle of Mind | See: Hinayana. | |
| besonder Einsicht | special insight | See: exceptionally perceptive state of mind. | |
| besonderes Einschlagen der sicheren Richtung | special taking of safe direction | Synonym for "resultant taking of safe direction." | skyabs-‘gro khyad-par-ba |
| besonders hervorragender Gleichmut | especially distinguished equanimity | An equal attitude toward everyone that is devoid of any feelings of close or far in one's thoughts or actions involved in benefiting and helping all limited beings and eliminating their problems. | |
| besonnener Glaube an Tatsachen | clearheaded belief in a fact | A constructive emotion that is clear about a fact and, like a water purifier, clears the mind of disturbing emotions and attitudes about the object. | dang-ba‘i dad-pa |
| beständige Phänomene | permanent phenomena | See: static phenomena. | |
| Beständigkeit | permanence | See: staticness. | |
| bestätigend erkanntes Phänomen | affirmingly known phenomenon | See: affirmation phenomenon. | |
| bestätigtes Phänomen | affirmation phenomenon | An item, or a truth about an item, defined in terms of the establishment of something, without an object to be negated being explicitly precluded by the sounds that express it. | sgrub-pa |
| Bestätigung / Affirmation | affirmation | See: affirmation phenomenon. | |
| beteiligtes Bodhichitta | involved bodhichitta | See: engaged bodhichitta. | |
| Betrachtung, fehlerhafte | consideration, incorrect | See: incorrect consideration. | |
| Beudeutungs-/Objekt-Kategorie | meaning/object category | The conceptual category into which fit all items to which an audio category refers. These items are also what the audio category signifies (means). | don-spyi |
| Bewusstsein | consciousness | A class of ways of being aware of something that cognizes merely the essential nature of its object, such as its being a sight, a sound, a mental object, etc. Consciousness may be either sensory or mental, and there are either six or eight types. The term has nothing to do with the Western concept of conscious versus unconscious. | rnam-shes |
| Bewusstsein, alles umfassendes grundlegendes | consciousness, all-encompassing foundation | See: all-encompassing foundation consciousness. | |
| Bewusstsein, grundlegendes | consciousness, foundation | See: all-encompassing foundation consciousness. | |
| Bewusstsein, Primär- | consciousness, primary | See: primary consciousness. | |
| Bewusstsein, spezifisches | consciousness, specific | See: specific consiousness. | |
| Bewusstseinsaggregat | aggregate of consciousness | See: aggregate of primary consciousnesses. | |
| Bezeichnen, geistiges / Zuschreiben, geistiges | labeling, mental | See: mental labeling. | |
| Bezeichnung / Zuschreibung | label / labeling | See: mental labeling. | |
| Bhagavan (m) | Bhagavan | See: Vanquishing Master Surpassing All. | |
| Bhumi-Geist | bhumi-mind | A level of mind of an arya bodhisattva. Some translators render the term as "bodhisattva stage" or simply as "stage." | sa |
| bindende Faktoren, vier | binding factors, four | See: four binding factors. | |
| bindende Substanzen | bonding substances | Substances, such as alcohol and meat, purified, transformed, and consecrated during a tantra ritual and offered to a Buddha-figure in order to maintain a close bond (close connection) with that figure, as one has promised to do. | dam-rdzas |
| bindenden Praktik | bonding practice | A type of behavior or a state of mind, which, when practiced, maintains a close connection with either a certain tantra or a certain spiritual master. Also called: closely bonding practice, close bonds | dam-tshig |
| Blöße | bareness | See: bare absence. | |
| Blöße / "Nacktheit oder Blöße" | starkness | The quality of something standing out sharply and dramatically in its appearance, without anything adorning it (like a rock mountain in a desert, totally devoid of any vegetation); the quality of being barren. | stong-pa |
| bloße Abwesenheit | bare absence | The natural state of being without concepts or conceptual cognition, which is the natural state or nature of awareness (mind). | stong-sang, stong-pa |
| bloße Wahrnehmung | bare cognition | Cognition of a cognitive object without that cognition being through the medium of a concept, universal, or category. | mngon-sum |
| bloßer Gleichmut | mere equanimity | An equal attitude toward everyone that is devoid of attachment to loved ones, repulsion from enemies, and indifference toward strangers. | btang-snyoms tsam-pa-ba |
| bloßes Einschlagen der sicheren Richtung | mere taking of safe direction | Synonymous with "causal taking of safe direction." | skyab-‘gro tsam-pa-ba |
| Bodhi (f) | bodhi | See: purified state. | |
| Bodhichitta (n) | bodhichitta | Usually used in the meaning of relative bodhichitta: A mind or heart focused first on the benefit of all limited beings and then on one‘s own individual future enlightenment, with the intention to attain that enlightenment and to benefit others by means of that attainment. | byang-chub sems, byang-sems |
| Bodhichitta, anstrebendes | bodhichitta, aspiring | See: aspiring bodhichitta. | |
| Bodhichitta, ausübendes | bodhichitta, engaged | See: engaged bodhichitta. | |
| Bodhichitta, höchstes | bodhichitta, ultimate | See: deepest bodhichitta. | |
| Bodhichitta, müheloses | bodhichitta, unlabored | See: unlabored bodhichitta. | |
| Bodhichitta, relatives | bodhichitta, relative | See: relative bodhichitta. | |
| Bodhichitta, tiefstes | bodhichitta, deepest | See: deepest bodhichitta. | |
| Bodhichitta-Ausrichtung | bodhichitta aim | The type of aim, goal, or focus that a bodhichitta mind has. Used as a synonym for bodhichitta. | byang-chub sems, byang-sems |
| Bodhichitta-Motivation | bodhichitta motivation | The kind of motivation that bodhichitta is. Used as a synonym for bodhichitta. | byang-chub sems, byang-sems |
| Bodhisattva | bodhisattva | Someone who has developed unlabored bodhichitta. | byang-chub sems-dpa‘ |
| Bodhisattva-Gelübde | bodhisattva vows | The set of restraints from committing certain actions (eighteen root downfalls and forty-six faulty actions) that, if committed, would be detrimental to achieving enlightenement and benefiting all others. | byang-sems sdom-pa |
| Buddha | Buddha | A fully enlightened being; someone who has totally eliminated, forever, from his or her mental continuum both the emotional and cognitive obscurations. | sangs-rgyas |
| Buddhafeld | Buddha-field | A non-samsaric realm in which the circumstances are the most conducive for uninterrupted intense spiritual practice for gaining Buddhahood. It is a field in the sense of being a place in which one can grow or develop a tremendous amount of positive force (merit). It is synonymous with a pure-land. | sangs-rgyas-kyi zhing, sangs-rgyas zhing |
| Buddhagestalt, Buddhaform | Buddha-figure | An emanated form of a Buddha, often with multiple faces, arms, and legs, which tantric practitioners visualize themselves as. This is done in order to create a close bond with the figure so as to be able to attain enlightenment, in the form of that figure, through such practice. | yi-dam |
| Buddhajuwel, nominelles | Buddha Gem, nominal | See: nominal Buddha Gem. | |
| Buddhajuwel, offensichtliches | Buddha Gem, apparent | See: apparent Buddha Gem. | |
| Buddhajuwel, tiefstes | Budha Gem, deepest | See: deepest Buddha Gem. | |
| Buddhakörper | Buddha-Body | See: Corpus of a Buddha. | |
| Buddhismus-Professor | Buddhism professor | A teacher, either lay or monastic, Western or Asian, who imparts information about Buddhism gained from scriptural knowledge and/or scholarly research. | |
| dämonische Kräft | demonic force | Something that harms limited beings or causes interference and obstacles to constructive actions. | bdud |
| Darstellung, geistig / Repräsentation, geistige | representation, mental | See: mental representation. | |
| der "Geist selbst" | mind-itself | In the Kagyu and Nyingma systems, the deepest nature of the mind. | sems-nyid |
| der Edle | noble one | See: arya. | |
| der Fähige | Able One | An epithet of a Buddha - one who has been able to reach the goal of enlightenment and is able to benefit all beings as much as is possible. | thub-pa |
| der fähige Weise | Able Sage | See; Able One. | |
| Der Gesegnete / der Heilige | Blessed One | See: Vanquishing Master Surpassing All. | |
| Der Glorreiche | Triumphant One | An epithet of a Buddha - one who has triumphed over the emotional and cognitive obscurations. Some translatoirs render the term as "Victorious One." | rgyal-ba |
| Dharma (m) | dharma | (1) Preventive measures which, if one puts into practice or achieves, prevent the experience of future suffering. (2) Buddha‘s teachings. (3) Any phenomenon or "thing." | chos |
| Dharma-Ausbilder | Dharma instructor | A teacher, either lay or monastic, Western or Asian, who explains the Buddhist teachings from his or her own experiential insight and understanding. | |
| Dharmajuwel, nominelles | Dharma Gem, nominal | See: nominal Dharma Gem. | |
| Dharmajuwel, offensichtliches | Dharma Gem, apparent | See: apparent Dharma Gem. | |
| Dharmajuwel, tiefstes | Dharma Gem deepest | See: deepest Dharma Gem. | |
| Dharmakaya | Dharmakaya | See: Corpus Encompassing Everything. | |
| Dharmakaya des tiefen Gewahrseins | deep awareness Dharmakaya | See: Corpus of Deep Awareness Encompassing Everything. | |
| Dharma-Schützer | protector, Dharma | See: Dharma protector. | |
| direkte Ursache | direct cause | The phenomenon that actually produces its result, without need for any intermediary -- for example, a visible object is the direct cause for the seeing of it. | dngos-rgyu |
| direkte Wahrnehmung | direct cognition | According to the non-Gelug presentation, the type of cognition that a present moment of sensory consciousness has of the present moment of a mental aspect (mental hologram) of the immediately preceding moment of an external sense object. Compare: indirect cognition. | dngos-su shes-pa |
| doktrinär bedingte störende Emotionen und Geisteshaltungen | doctrinally based disturbed emotions and attitudes | Disturbing emotions and attitudes that arise based on having been taught and having accepted a non-Buddhist Indian tenet system or a less sophisticated Indian Buddhist tenet system. | nyon-mongs kun-brtags |
| doktrinär bedingte Unwissenheit | doctrinally based unawareness | The mental factor of either not knowing or knowing invertedly either behavioral cause and effect of the manner in which the self and all phenomena exist, and which arises on a person‘s mental continuum based on that person having been taught an incorrect tenet system. Also called: doctrinally based ignorance. | ma-rig kun-brtags |
| Drang | urge | see: mental urge. | |
| drei Bereiche | three realms | See: three planes of existence. | |
| Drei Buddhakörper | Buddha-Bodies, Three | See: Three Corpuses of a Buddha. | |
| drei Buddhakörper | Three Buddha-Bodies | See: Three Corpuses of a Buddha. | |
| drei Ebenen der Existenz | three planes of existence | A threefold division of samsaric rebirth states: the planes of (1) sensory desires, (2) ethereal forms, and (3) formless beings. Sometimes called "the three realms." | khams-gsum |
| drei Ebenen der samsarischen Existenz | three planes of samsaric existence | See: three planes of existence. | |
| drei gereinigte Zustände | three purified states | The three states of bodhi; the three states of a shravaka arhat, a pratyekabuddha arhat, and a Buddha. | |
| drei Juwelen | Three Jewels | See: Three Rare and Supreme Gems | |
| drei Juwelen der Zuflucht / drei Zufluchtsjuwelen | Three Jewels of Refuge | See: Three Rare and Supreme Gems | |
| drei Kleinodien | Three Gems | See: Three Rare and Supreme Gems | |
| drei Körper des Buddha | Three Corpuses of a Buddha | (1) A Corpus of Emanations (Nirmanakaya), (2) Corpus of Full Use (Sambhogakaya), and (3) Corpus Encompassing Everything (Dharmakaya) of a Buddha. | sku-gsum |
| drei Kreise | three circles | Three aspects of an action that are all equally void of true existence: (1) the individual performing the action, (2) the object upon or toward which the action is committed, and (3) the action itself. Occasionally, as in the case of the action of giving, the object may refer to the object given. The existence of each of these is established dependently on the others. Sometimes translated as "the three spheres" of an action. | ‘khor-lo gsum |
| drei seltene und überragende Kleinodien | Three Rare and Supreme Gems | The Buddha, the Dharma, and the Sangha. Also called "The Three Gems," "The Triple Gem," "The Three Jewels," and "The Three Jewels of Refuge." | dkon-mchog gsum |
| Dreifaches Kleinod | Triple Gem | See: Three Rare and Supreme Gems | |
| Durchbruch | break-through | The practice, and resultant stage of the practice, in dzogchen during which one "breaks through" the level of limited mind (sems) and both recognizes and accesses essence rigpa, thereby attaining a seeing pathway of mind (path of seeing) and becoming an arya. | thregs-chod |
| Dzogchen (n) | dzogchen | A Mahayana system of practice, found in the Nyingma, Bon, Karma Kagyu, Drugpa Kagyu, and Drigung Kagyu traditions, that entails accessing rigpa, one‘s own pure awareness, and realizing that it is complete with all good qualities. Translated as "the great completeness." | rdzogs-chen |
| Ebene der ätherischen Formen | plane of ethereal forms | Samsaric rebirth states in which the limited beings have desire for subtle forms of physical phenomena. | gzugs-khams |
| Ebene der Basis | basis level | The level of something, such as Buddha-nature, that occurs in general, whether or not one has achieved some attainment on the Buddhist spiritual path. | gzhi |
| Ebene der Basis | level, basis | See: basis level. | |
| Ebene der formlosen Wesen | plane of formless beings | Samsaric rebirth states in which the limited beings lack any gross body. | gzugs-med khams |
| Ebene des Ergebnisses | level, resultant | The level of a fully enlightened Buddha, attained as the result of Mahayana practice. | ‘bras-bu |
| Ebene des Pfades | level, pathway | See: pathway level. | |
| Ebene des Pfades | pathway level | The level of someone engaged in the practices for attaining enlightenment. In some usages, the level of an Mahayana arya with a seeing or accustoming pathway mind. | lam |
| Ebene des Sinnesbegehrens | plane of sensory desires | Samsaric rebirth states in which the limited beings have desire for sensory objects. | ‘dod-khams |
| Eigenschaften, andauernde | traits, abiding | See: naturally abiding family-traits. | |
| Eigenschaften, gute | qualities, good | See: good qualities. | |
| Eigenschaften, sich entwickelnde | traits, evolving | See: evolving family-traits. | |
| einfache Wahrnehmung (1) | straightforward cognition | According to Gelug Prasangika, cognition of an object, which occurs without relying on a line of reasoning in the moment immediately prior to it. Straightforward cognition may be either conceptual or nonconceptual. | mngon-sum |
| Einfluss, erleuchtender | influence, enlightening | See: enlightening influence. | |
| Einschlagen der sicheren Richtung, besonders | taking of safe direction, special | See: special taking of safe direction. | |
| Einschlagen der sicheren Richtung, bloßes | taking of safe direction, mere | See: mere taking of safe direction. | |
| Einschlagen der sicheren Richtung, resultierendes | taking of safe direction, resultant | See: resultant taking of safe direction. | |
| Einschlagen der sicheren Richtung, ursächliches | taking of safe direction, causal | See: causal taking of safe direction. | |
| Einstellung, nominell störende | attitude, nominal disturbing | See: nominal disturbing attitude. | |
| Emanation, wundersame | emanation, miraculous | See: miraculous emanations. | |
| Emotion, störende | emotion, disturbing | See: disturbing emotion. | |
| emotionale Schleier | emotional obscurations | Fleeting stains that temporarily "cover" or accompany mental activity (more precisely, clear light mental activity), thereby preventing the mental activity from cognizing phenomena without accompanying disturbing emotions or attitudes. They include the disturbing emotions and attitudes, as well as their tendencies (seeds) and prevent the attainment of liberation from samsara, Also translated as "obscurations that are the disturbing emotions and attitudes"and "obscurations preventing liberation." | nyon-sgrib |
| Empfängnis (1), Konzept / Vorstellung (2) | conception | (1) The moment when the consciousness of a bardo being enters its next rebirth. In the case of rebirth as a human or an animal, the moment in which it enters the sperm and egg of its next parents. (2) See: concept. | skye-ba |
| Empfängnis-Existenz | conception existence | The period of time in the mental continuum of an individual limited being during which they experience conception. It lasts only one moment. Some translators render the term as "birth existence." | skye-srid |
| Empfinden verschiedener Grade von | feelings of levels of happiness Glücklichsein | One of the five ever-functioning subsidiary awarenesses (mental factors). The subsidiary awareness that accompanies each moment of sensory or mental cognition of a limited being before attaining liberation and with which that being experiences the ripenings of its own karma in the form of something within the spectrum of extreme unhappiness, through neutral, to extreme happiness. Also called "feeling." | tshor-ba |
| Empfindung / Gefühl | feeling | See: feelings of levels of happiness. | |
| endgültige Lehre / eindeutige Lehre | definitive teaching | A passage in a sutra text that discusses the most profound view of voidness, and to which all other passages in all other sutra texts eventually lead or point. Such passages do not need to be explained as indicating anything more profound. | nges-don |
| Energie, karmische | energy, karmic | See: karmic energy. | |
| Energiekanal, linker | energy-channel, left | See: left energy channel | |
| Energiekanal, rechter | energy-channel, right | See: right energy channel. | |
| Energiekanal, zentraler | energy-channel, central | See: central energy channel. | |
| Energiewind, subtiler | energy-wind, subtle | See: subtle energy-wind. | |
| eng bindenden Praktik / enge Bindung | closely bonding practice | See: bonding practice. | |
| enge Bindung | close bond | See: bonding practice. | dam-tshig |
| entfernte Linie | distant lineage | The lineage of a teaching that began with Buddha himself. | ring-rgyud |
| Entität | entity | A truly existent "thing," either objective or metaphysical, that exists as a findable "thing" on its own, established as that "thing" by its own power from its own side. | |
| Entität, metaphysische | entity, metaphysical | See: metaphysical entity. | |
| Entität, objektive | entity, objective | See: objective entity. | |
| Entsagung | renunciation | The definite determination to be free of samsara and to gain liberation, and with which one is willing to give up true suffering and true causes. Also translated as "determination to be free." | nges-‘byung |
| Entsagung, kurzlebige, hocherregte | renunciation, short-lived all-excited | See: short-lived all-excited renunciation | |
| entscheidende Wahrnehmung | decisive cognition | See: ascertainment. | nges-shes |
| entscheidendes Gewahrsein | decisive awareness | See: ascertainment. | nges-shes |
| Entschlossenheit / Entschlusskraft | resolution | One of the ten far-reaching attitudes in the Theravada tradition. An attitude of determination with which a bodhisattva never abandons what he or she needs to do in order to benefit others. | |
| Entschluss, außergewöhnlicher | resolve, exceptional | See: exceptional resolve. | |
| Entstehen, kognitives | arising, cognitive | See: cognitive arising. | |
| erarbeitet | labored | A state of mind, such as bodhichitta, generated by working oneself up to it, with deliberate effort, through a series of steps, each of which entails a line of reasoning. | rtsol-bcas |
| erhöhtes Gewahrsein | heightened awareness | See: extrasensory powers. | |
| Erhöhung (des Zustands von Körper, Sprache und Geist) | elevation | Transformation of a disciple‘s body, speech, and mind into pure aspects, done during a tantric ritual, for example during a subsequent permission (jenang). Some translators render the term as "blessing." | byin-rlabs |
| erlangen / erreichen | attain | See: actualize. | |
| erlangtes Nirvana / errungenes Nirvana | acquired nirvana | Extinguished states of release from all samsaric sufferings and their true causes, which are attained through the power of meditation. | thob-pa‘i mya-ngan ‘das |
| Erlaubnis, anschließende | permission, subsequent | See: subsequent permission. | |
| erleuchtende Taten | enlightening deeds | According to Mahayana, a set of twelve actions or deeds in the life of a Buddha, with which a Buddha demonstrates to all beings the way to achieve enlightenment. | mdzad-pa |
| erleuchtender Einfluss | enlightening influence | The unceasing, unending, effortless activity of a Buddha, which helps bring all limited beings to higher rebirth, liberation, and enlightenment. Such activity does not require a Buddha actually doing anything: a Buddha‘s attainment itself exerts a positive influence on others to pacify disturbance, stimulate the growth of good qualities, being disorder under control, or forcefully end any harm. | ‘phrin-las |
| Ermächtigung | empowerment | A tantric ritual that activates and empowers Buddha-nature factors to grow so that, through repeated, sustained tantric practice, they will eventually transform into the Three Corpuses (Bodies) of a Buddha. An empowerment also plants new seeds, or potentials, that will likewise grow in the same manner. The term is often translated as "initiation." | dbang |
| Errungenschaft, verwirklichte / Erlangung, verwirklichte | attainment, actual | See: actual attainment. | |
| erscheinendes Objekt | appearing object | The mental hologram (mental representation) of any external or internal object of cognition, which a cognition gives rise to. Equivalent to the cognitively taken object. Sometimes used interchangeably with "mental aspect," and sometimes differentiated from "mental aspect" in the sense that a cognition takes on the "mental aspect" of its appearing object. | snang-yul |
| Erscheinenlassen | appearance, giving rise to | See: appearance-making. | |
| Erscheinenlassen | giving rise to appearances | See: appearance-making. | |
| Erscheinung | appearance | The mental hologram (mental representation) of any external or internal object of cognition, which arises in the mind | snang-ba |
| Erscheinung, kognitive | appearance, cognitive | See: cognitive appearance. | |
| Erscheinung, reflexive | appearance, reflexive | See: reflexive appearance. | |
| Erscheinung, reine | appearance, pure | See: pure appearance. | |
| Erscheinung, trügerische | appearance, deceptive | See: deceptive appearance. | |
| Erscheinung, unreine | appearance, impure | See: impure appearance. | |
| Erscheinungen von nichtwahrer Existenz | appearances of non-true existence | In the Nyingma system, mental holograms of objects of cognition, which do not make them appear as if they were truly existent "this"s or "that"s. This occurs only with sensory and nonconceptual mental cognition. | med-snang |
| Erscheinungsbild, geistiges | aspect, mental | See: mental aspect. | |
| Erscheinungs-Hervorbringen, duales | appearance-making, dual | See: dual appearance-making. | |
| Erscheinungs-hervorbringendes grundlegendes Rigpa | appearance-making basis rigpa | Pure awareness (rigpa) from the point of view of its aspect of spontaneously establishing appearances. Synonymous with the term: effulgent rigpa. | gzhi-snang-gi rig-pa |
| Erscheinungs-hervorbringendes grundlegendes Rigpa | rigpa, appearance-making basis rigpa | See: appearance-making basis rigpa. | |
| Erzeugung vor einem | front-generation | The part of a self-initiation in which one generates in front of oneself the supported and supporting mandalas from which one will receive the full empowerment. | mdun-bskyed |
| Erzeugungsstufe | generation stage | The first stage of anuttarayoga practice, during which one uses the powers of imagination to generate oneself in the form of a Buddha-figure and perfroms a sadhana. | bskyed-rim |
| essentielle Natur | essential nature | The general type of phenomenon that something is -- for instance, a sight, a sound, and so on. | ngo-bo |
| essentielle Natur, gleiche | essential nature, same | See: same essential nature. | |
| Essenz-Rigpa | essence rigpa | Pure awareness (rigpa) from the point of view of it being primally pure and serving as the open space within which effulgent rigpa functions. | ngo-bo‘i rig-pa |
| ethisch neutral | ethically neutral | See: ethically unspecified. | |
| ethisch nicht näher bezeichnet | ethically unspecified | A phenomenon that Buddha did not specify as being either constructive or destructive. Also called "ethically neutral." | lung ma-bstan |
| etwas, das die wirkliche Natur besitzt | something possessing the actual nature |